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Conflict Weekly
Bhutan's Gross National Happiness, Return of Syria to the Arab League, Seventh Ceasefire in Sudan, Bakhmut Battle in Ukraine, Zelenskyy's Diplomatic Offensive, and WMO Report Takeaways
IPRI Team
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Conflict Weekly #176&177, 25 May 2023, Vol.4, No.20&21
An initiative by NIAS-IPRI and India Office of the KAS
Lakshmi Parimala H, Nithyashree RB, Anu Maria Joseph, Padmashree Anandan, Sreeja JS and Varsha K
Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH):
Deeply Happy,
Extremely Happy...
Lakshmi Parimala H
In the news
On 22 May, the Center for Bhutan and Gross National Happiness (GNH) studies published the GNH survey for 2022. It reported that 93.6 per cent of Bhutanese are feeling happy. The Gross National Happiness Index measures overall happiness and well-being in the country using 33 indicators across nine domains. It was adopted by Bhutan in 2008, following its transition to democracy. The GNH has the following four pillars: good governance, sustainable economic development, cultural preservation and environmental conservation. The four pillars above are represented in nine domains and measured by 33 indicators. Individuals are categorized into four groups according to their score: unhappy, narrowly happy, extensively happy, or deeply happy.
Issues at large
First, a 3.3 per cent increase in the GNH index during the past seven years, despite the pandemic. According to the report, the following are the reasons for the above increase: improvements in housing, income, schooling, services, literacy, and positive emotions. The report, however, also has raised some concerns raised relating to the following: deterioration in several indicators such as healthy days, cultural and political participation, mental health, and Driglam Namzha.
Second, the urban-rural divide, questioning the correlation between income and happiness. While the urban population has a greater level of happiness, the rural population shows a more significant number of happy people, with 56.8 per cent in rural compared to 43.2 per cent in urban areas. The report challenged assumptions that the urban environment guaranteed greater happiness and the correlation between income and happiness. The report finds not-so-happy people across all income scales.
Third, the gender factor. While women's GNH is lower than men's, there is a positive trend. The rate of improvement among females has surpassed that of males, indicating growing equality.
Fourth, the GNH vs the World Happiness Report. Despite the GNH report showing 93.6 per cent of happy people, Bhutan is ranked 97 in the World Happiness Report published by the UN. A reason could be the difference in indicators used by the two reports to measure happiness.
In perspective
First, Bhutan has been promoting the importance of happiness and simultaneously GNH as a measure of a country's development rather than GDP. GNH is more comprehensive and considers the environment, human rights, and industrial production.
Second, Bhutan uses the GNH report in policy-making to identify the areas which need to be addressed, along with the section of the population to which it must be applied. This is significant; the index will remain a number unless reflected upon in the policies and improved.
Third, the difference between Bhutan's GNH and the World Happiness Report also shows that happiness is relative. Therefore, the indicators considered by each country depend on several factors, especially history and culture.
Arab League: The Return of Syria
Nithyashree RB
In the news
On 18 May, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad reached Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, ahead of the Arab League Summit.
On 19 May, the 32nd Arab League summit was held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The summit discussed issues relating to Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Libya and Lebanon. The Jeddah Declaration reaffirmed security and stability in the region and welcomed Syria into the Arab League. According to the declaration, the member countries expressed: "hope that this resolution would contribute to supporting the stability of the Syrian Arab Republic, preserving its territorial integrity, and restoring its role within the Arab world."
During the summit, Assad said: "I hope that it marks the beginning of a new phase of Arab action for solidarity among us, for peace in our region, development and prosperity instead of war and destruction."
On 22 May, US Foreign Ministry's spokesperson stated: "We continue to oppose normalization with the Syrian regime. We do not believe it was appropriate to admit – readmit Syria into the Arab League and we made that position clear to our partners in the region."
Issues at large
First, a brief note on Syria and the Arab League. In November 2011, Syria was removed from the League following Assad's crackdown on pro-democracy protesters, leading to a civil war. The Arab League members, including UAE, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, supported Assad's dissidents in Northern and Eastern Syria. Russia and Iran supported Assad.
Second, Syria's search for investments and aid. For Syria, returning to the Arab League is a means to lift Western sanctions. Though lifting sanctions will take a long time, joining the League is a promising start. Syria desperately needs investments and aid for reparations and reconstruction of infrastructure. According to the UN, two-thirds of the population requires humanitarian aid. Joining the League will make it easier for member countries to invest in and assist Syria.
Third, the support and opposition for Syria within the Arab League. The member countries aim to confront Syria regarding the refugee crisis and the trafficking of Captagon, a drug produced in Syria that provides revenue to the government. While the Arab League strongly opposed Assad's regime for years, the devastating earthquake of February triggered this development. Providing aid to Syrians in both government-controlled areas and dissidents-controlled areas was difficult.
Individual countries started normalizing relations with Assad for different reasons. Saudi Arabia, after normalizing relations with Iran, began to normalize its relations with Syria. In February, Assad visited Oman, followed by UAE in March. On 18 April, Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud visited Damascus for the first time since the civil war. On 3 May, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi visited Damascus. The US opposed Syria joining the League but affirmed that it stands with the decisions of its Arab counterparts.
In perspective
First, the return of Syria to the Arab League means Syrian refugees are likely to return to Syria. According to UNHCR, approximately 5.5 million refugees live in Syria's neighbouring countries, such as Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Iraq. Syria's return might benefit the Syrians, especially in the government-controlled areas.
Second, the Arab League member countries are expected to curb Syria's drug trafficking ventures by promising normalization of relations, aid and investments. Although the League is unable to push Iran completely out of Syria, its intentions lie in the betterment of the Syrians. Captagon will be used as leverage by both sides for the normalization of relations.
Third, the challenges ahead. For Assad, though it seems like he has won the civil war, countries are unlikely to forget the 14 million people who fled Syria and the 6.8 million internally displaced, according to the (UNHCR). Holding Assad unaccountable for the crimes committed by the Syrian government might further exacerbate the civil war. For the US, their foothold in the region is waning. Chinese mediation in the peace process between Saudi Arabia and Iran is one of the reasons. The Arab League's decision to reinstate Syria came as a surprise to the West, especially to the US. The US's response to the developments in the region is mostly supportive of the regional players' decisions.
Sudan: A Seventh Ceasefire
Anu Maria Joseph
In the news
On 22 May, a week-long ceasefire between the warring parties, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF), began in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia have brokered the latest ceasefire. According to a US-Saudi Arabia statement on 21 May, a "ceasefire monitoring mechanism" will enforce the deal. The US State Department stated: "Unlike previous ceasefires, the agreement reached in Jeddah was signed by the parties and will be supported by a US-Saudi and international-supported ceasefire monitoring mechanism."
On 22 May, despite the ceasefire deal, airstrikes and clashes were reported in multiple cities, including Khartoum, Omdurman and Khartoum North, and separated ethnic violence in the Blue Nile and White Nile regions. However, according to Khartoum residents' reports to the media, the intensity of the fighting has come down.
On the same day, the United Nations special envoy to Sudan, Volker Perthes, stated: "In parts of the country, fighting between the two armies or the two armed formations has sharpened into communal tensions, or triggered conflict between communities." He added: "This [the ceasefire] is a welcome development, though the fighting and troop movements have continued even today, despite a commitment of both sides not to pursue military advantage before the ceasefire takes effect." He called on the parties to comply with the ceasefire deal, end the fighting and "allow access for humanitarian relief, protect humanitarian workers and assets."
Issues at large
First, Sudan's recent history of failed ceasefires. The latest ceasefire is the seventh one; the earlier week-long ceasefire agreed on 2 May was unsuccessful after both the warring parties failed to comply. Although they agreed to hold talks, the SAF and RSF have continued to fight; both have been accusing each other of violating previously agreed ceasefires.
Second, the sustainability of the latest (seventh) ceasefire. Hours before the ceasefire agreement was meant to be effective, RSF leader Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo released an audio message saying his troops would not retreat "until we end this coup." Besides, the fighting in Khartoum has already evolved into ethnic violence, threatening the troubled West Darfur, Blue Nile and White Nile regions. As the fighting escalates, the army and the RSF have been mobilizing non-Arab and Arab militias, respectively, to align with them. Persistent tensions have put the sustainability of the latest ceasefire in question.
Third, the gap between negotiations and compliance. Both RSF and SAF claim openness to negotiations but show little commitment to compliance. Mistrust between the parties prompts them to seek military advantage during the ceasefire. The RSF has accused the army of breaking the ceasefire by "continuing to attack Khartoum with planes." An army spokesperson told Sky News Arabia that the RSF was responsible for "storming prisons" after reports of gunfire in Port Sudan.
Fourth, efforts of international and regional efforts and their effectiveness. International actors (the UN, the AU, the US, and the EU) have urged the warring parties to negotiate to end the fighting. The African Union (AU) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) have also urged regional actors to work together to de-escalate the crisis. Previously on 1 May, in an Arab League emergency meeting in Cairo, Egypt had offered a draft resolution calling for an "immediate and comprehensive cessation" of conflict. Until now, efforts by external parties to implement a long-lasting ceasefire have been ineffective.
In perspective
The latest ceasefire has frozen the conflict, bringing relative calm. However, impending tensions surrounding the persisting hostilities imply that the ceasefire is uneasy and international and regional efforts are uncertain. Still, a road towards peace talks and a lasting resolution remains elusive. Neither side has much incentive to compromise. Although there is a significant external effort to end the fighting, as long as neither RSF nor SAF has the upper hand, a chance for negotiations will not be in sight. The continuing fighting would mean triggering ethnic tensions within and worsening the humanitarian crisis.
Ukraine: Russia claims victory in Bakhmut
Padmashree Anandan
In the news
On 20 May, the Wagner Group's head, Yevgeny V Prigozhin, released a video confirming the capture of Bakhmut. He said: "We completely took the whole city, from house to house." Russia's Ministry of Defence confirmed the same, stating: "As a result of offensive actions of the Wagner assault units, with the support of artillery and aviation of the 'Southern' unit, the liberation of the city of Artemovsk was completed."
On 21 May, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy denied the claims of capturing Bakhmut. He said: "The fight for the city of Bakhmut is continuing." Meanwhile, Ukrainian Deputy Defense Minister, Hanna Malyar, stated: "The enemy failed to surround Bakhmut, and they lost part of the dominant heights around the city. That is, the advance of our troops in the suburbs along the flanks, which is still ongoing, greatly complicates the enemy's presence in Bakhmut."
On 22 May, Prigozhin released another video announcing the group's plan to remove its troops from Bakhmut between 25 May and 1 June. He said that the group had set up "defence lines" in the western outskirts of Bakhmut ahead of the transfer of control to Russia.
On 23 May, the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) reported that it is likely for the Wagner group to have made advances in the Bakhmut, however, in the case of Russian forces, the efforts were unsuccessful in the "immediate west of Bakhmut." Ukraine forces are reported to have advanced 200 to 400 metres in the southwest during the past 24 hours.
Issues at large
First, the battle for Bakhmut. Nine months of long battle since August 2022 has incurred massive losses for both Ukraine and Russia. The Wagner Group's ability to push Ukraine in Soledar helped it to continue its offensive in Bakhmut. Ukraine's continued defence forced Wagner Group and Russia to deploy more personnel and weapons. As a result of the losses suffered, Ukraine has requested additional weapons and is determined to achieve victory over Russia. While the Wagner group strategically moved to the outskirts of Bakhmut, encircling north, northeast, and the industrial zone by December 2022. As Ukraine continues to make minor advances in the north and southwest, the Wagner Group claims to have launched the final offensive in the West (Gnezdo, Konstruktor, Domino, and Samolet) and claimed victory.
Second, the strategic significance of Bakhmut. For Ukraine, the city is known for its economic significance, but it is also the key connector to Sloviansk and Kramatorsk, which have been subject to attacks since April. It is also a key location due to the highway connecting Lysychansk, which helps replenish stocks. For Russia, capturing Bakhmut means cutting off Ukraine from connecting with Luhansk and preventing it from venturing further into the Donbas region. Since the beginning of the war, Russia's larger aim has been to keep LPR and DPR districts under its control.
Third, the rise and fall of the Wagner Group. The Wagner Group tactically introduced new resources by recruiting prisoners and managed to bargain its ammunition through Russia. It succeeded in blocking Ukraine's supply routes and encircling Ukraine from within in the north, northeast and south directions excluding the west. However, in due time, the Wagner Group weakened due to continued losses, exhaustion of personnel, and weaponry, increasing its dependency on Russian forces.
Fourth, Ukraine's demand for advanced weapons. It has now shifted to asking modern aviation and air power to strengthen its military ahead of the counter-offensive, indicating its shortcomings in the battles of Bakhmut and Soledar. The delay in the air defence and advanced weapon systems delivery from the West has not only resulted in exhausting its military resources but has created a difficult situation for Ukraine's counter-offensive.
In perspective
First, the battle may not have favoured Ukraine due to the limited weapons and continued offensives of the Wagner Group. In line with the Western reports, if the city has fallen in control of Russia upon the exit of Wagner troops, Russia will now have to concentrate its forces to maintain control. For Ukraine, this will be the right time to re-think its strategy if it still wants to hold its remaining forces in Bakhmut or withdraw to concentrate in other significant areas such as Sloviansk and Kramatorsk.
Second, mixed results for Russia. Wagner's exhaustion will be a setback for Russia in launching future offensives. However, gaining ground in Bakhmut would add an advantage. Being one of the largest areas captured since 2022, Russia has prevented Ukraine from intercepting into the Donbas region. Still, the threat is not far, with Ukraine preparing for its spring counter-offensive. With less possibility for new recruitment for Russia, it can be expected to use its other units to launch an offensive towards the West of Ukraine.
Ukraine: President Zelensky's diplomatic offensive at the G7 and Arab League summits
Sreeja JS
In the news
On 20 May, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky took part in the G7 summit. He held bilateral talks with the G7 leaders on improving air defence capabilities, training Ukrainian pilots and enhancing cooperation against Russia on international platforms. In his address, he underlined Ukraine's peace formula and highlighted the need for air defence systems. He stated: "When our pilots know the F16 and when these aircraft appear in our skies, it will matter not only for Ukraine. This will be a historic moment for the entire security architecture in Europe and the world."
On 21 May, in his closing address, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida condemned Russia and pledged an "unwavering solidarity" with Ukraine. He added: "Wherever in the world, attempting to unilaterally change the status quo by force can never be accepted."
On 21 May, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation slammed the G7 summit by calling it a "politicized" event and being anti-Russia and anti-China.
On 20 May, European Council President Charles Michel promised Zelensky further support in its war against Russia. A European Council spokesperson said: "The EU will work with G7 partners to target every pillar of the Russian economy to ensure Putin's war machine fails."
On 19 May, Zelenskyy attended the Arab League summit in Jeddah to seek support as the Saudi Crown Prince expressed his willingness to mediate peace between Moscow and Kyiv following a successful prisoner exchange deal brokered by Riyadh last year. In his opening speech, he stated: "We reaffirm the kingdom's readiness to continue mediating efforts between Russia and Ukraine, and to support all international efforts aimed at resolving the crisis politically in a way that contributes to achieving security."
Issues at large
First, Zelenskyy's diplomatic offensive outside to balance Ukraine's military offensive within. Russia's success in Soledar and its upper hand in the Bakhmut battle have prompted Ukraine to demand more weapons. Besides, Ukraine has not staged a successful counter-offensive since Russia's Kherson withdrawal. For Zelensky, the recent visits (G7 and Arab League summits) aim to procure military support for Ukraine's counter-offensive. He seems to have succeeded; there have been promises of F-16 jets and training of its pilots.
Second, the responses. G7 leaders, in their statement, strongly condemned Russian aggression and renewed their commitment to providing further financial, humanitarian, military and diplomatic support to Ukraine as long as it takes. Earlier this year, Saudi Arabia pledged USD 400 million and voted in favour of UN resolutions calling on Russia to end its invasion of Ukraine. In the G7 meeting, he met leaders of India, Indonesia and South Korea and persuaded them to support Ukraine.
Third, Ukraine's need to accelerate the West's promised aid. The West has pledged military support, but there has been a delay in delivering the weapons to Ukraine. In May 2023, Zelenskyy said that Kyiv has been delaying its counter-offensive due to a lack of ammunition.
In perspective
First, Zelenskyy's visit to Arab League and G7 to garner support is partially successful. His meeting with President Biden resulted in the US pledging around USD 375 million to meet critical defence needs. The US, UK, and Germany announced military aid for Ukraine and widened the sanctions to isolate Russia. Further, the US extended its permission for the Western allies to supply F16 Jets to Ukraine.
Second, converting the promises into action. This has been an issue for Zelenskyy; Ukraine cannot fight against Russia and win the war with promises alone.
WMO's Report on "Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update": Seven Takeaways
Varsha K
On 17 May 2023, World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) published an updated report titled "Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update" for 2023-2027. Decadal predictions were developed to fill the gap between the time scales of seasonal forecasts and climate change projections to predict climate over the next few years.
The report is prepared by WMO-designated Global Producing Centres providing predictions for the next five years and an evaluation of the previous forecasts on climate change. Further, the report focuses on climate indices such as global mean near-surface temperature, Atlantic multidecadal variability, El Niño/Southern Oscillation and regional indices. WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas said, "WMO is sounding the alarm that we will breach the 1.5°C level temporarily with increasing frequency."
On 22 May 2023, WMO updated the data in the "Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water-related Hazards." The report mentions the status of mortality and economic losses due to extreme climate events from 1970-2021. Further, Taalas said: "The most vulnerable communities, unfortunately, bear the brunt of weather, climate and water-related hazards."
The following are the key takeaways from the report.
1. Exceeding the 1.5°C threshold
Since the 1960s, there has been a rise in global near-surface temperature. By 2027, the global near-surface temperature may exceed 1.5°C due to the rapid increase in GHG concentrations (Carbon dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide) in the atmosphere. Human activities and natural factors, such as variability in land and ocean carbon sinks, accelerate atmospheric GHG emissions. The consistent rise in temperature may lead to shifts in regional climates and impacts agriculture, water resources and the natural ecosystem. Further, the report mentioned that the annual mean global near-surface temperature for 2023-2027 is predicted to be between 1.1°C-1.8°C.
2. Changing rainfall patterns
Rainfall may decrease in rain-rich regions, including the Amazon forest, Indonesia, Central America, and parts of Australia. In contrast, rainfall may increase in the Sahel, northern Europe, Alaska and north Siberia areas. La-Niña is associated with these shifting rainfall patterns. There has been evidence that the Monsoon onset is earlier; meanwhile, it withdraws later than usual. These patterns indicate extreme weather events ranging from heatwaves, droughts, floods and tropical cyclones; for instance, drought in East Africa, Cyclone Mocha in Myanmar and Bangladesh, and heatwaves in Europe, China and parts of Asia.
3. A shift in El Nino Southern Oscillation patterns
El-Niño is expected to be positive during December 2023 - February 2024, while the La-Niña effect is predicted to decline in the next five years. El-Niño events alternate the natural carbon sinks that absorb CO2, eventually increasing GHG concentrations. Therefore, the regions tend to be warmer than usual, predicted with a higher probability of 92 per cent.
4. Continuous Ocean Warming, especially in the Arctic
The heat in the upper 2000 metres of the ocean will continue to increase, and the subsequent changes will be irreversible. Around 90 per cent of the accumulated heat is stored in the ocean, leading to ocean warming. The warming in the upper 2000 metres is recorded to be the strongest in the Southern Ocean, North Atlantic and South Atlantic. Meanwhile, some regions, including the subpolar Atlantic Ocean, are cooling by extending from near the surface to over 800 metres. The Arctic region will be most affected in the upcoming years, as the temperature may be more than three times the global mean temperature. Thus, changing ocean temperature impacts the pH of the ocean, sea levels, and ocean currents; also, it affects marine biodiversity and the people who rely on marine resources.
5. Gradual shrinking of the Cryosphere
Since 1970, there has been a gradual loss of the thickness of glaciers to approximately 30 metres. This has also been affected by El-Niño and La-Niña events. Further, there have been mass losses of glaciers in High Mountain Asia, Western North America, and South America. Approximately 40 glaciers experienced an average mass balance of -1.18 m.w.e. (metre water equivalent). The volume of glaciers has decreased from 77 kilometres to 49 kilometre³ in the European Alps (Switzerland), estimated as a decline of more than one-third between 2001 and 2022. Summit Station (Greenland ice sheet) had its warmest record in September and experienced melting conditions in September 2022. Meanwhile, Iceland and Northern Norway have gained glaciers due to higher average precipitation and relatively cooler summers.
6. Increasing regional temperature trends
Between 2023 and 2027, Most regions will have high temperatures except for Alaska, South Africa, South Asia and parts of Australia. The average sea-level pressure and precipitation for the next five extended seasons, from May to September and November to March, are predicted and evaluated with skill. Sea-level pressure will be low over the Mediterranean and surrounding regions and tropical East Pacific, while high pressure over the maritime continent and surrounding countries. There is a pattern of increased precipitation in the tropics and high latitudes and reduced in subtropical regions. However, Regional Climate Centres (RCCs), Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs), and National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) are asked to interpret and generate value-added forecasts based on this climate update, as it is not official for any specific regions.
7. Over two million lives lost in climate change
There have been 11,778 reported disasters which caused 2,087,229 casualties and USD 4.3 trillion in economic losses from 1970-2022. In case of casualties, Africa, being the highest, had 95 per cent of global deaths from drought, South America had 61 per cent of global deaths from floods, and Asia had 49 per cent of global deaths from tropical cyclones. Till 2021, Developed countries, least developed countries and small island developing countries experienced an economic loss of 60 per cent, seven per cent and 20 per cent, respectively, which had a different effect on GDP. However, according to the UN, the lives lost in climate change have been decreasing recently because of the region's early warning systems.
Issues in Peace and Conflict This Week:
Regional Roundups
Rishika Yadav, Taffy Tonia A, Lakshmi Parimala H, Nithyashree RB, Subiksha S, Sreeja JS, Varsha K, Jerry Franklin, and Immaculine Joy Paul
East and Southeast Asia
North Korea: US and South Korea impose sanctions on North Korean IT worker
On 23 May, the US and South Korea announced sanctions targeting North Korean IT workers in China and Russia. The US Treasury Department sanctioned Kim Sang Man and the Chinyong Information Technology Cooperation Company for their alleged role in funding North Korea's weapons of mass destruction and missile programs. South Korea's Foreign Ministry also imposed sanctions on seven individuals and three entities, including Kim and the IT company. These IT workers, hidden behind false identities and documentation, generated revenue that supports North Korea's illegal programs.
Japan: China criticizes restrictions on chipmaking technology
On 23 May, China condemned Japan's decision to impose curbs on 23 types of chipmaking technology as an abuse of export control measures and a violation of free trade principles. The restrictions, set to take effect on 23 July, are deemed to impact Chinese and Japanese companies, the global semiconductor industry, and supply chain security. China has vowed to defend its lawful rights and interests while urging the WTO to examine export restrictions by the US, Japan, and the Netherlands.
Cambodia: Election commission disqualifies main opposition party
On 17 May, Aljazeera reported that Cambodia's election commission had barred the Candlelight Party, the country's primary opposition party, from participating in the upcoming July election. The ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) is now poised to run virtually unchallenged. The commission claimed the party failed to submit the required registration documents. This move follows the banning of the opposition Cambodia's National Rescue Party (CNRP) in the previous election, enabling the CPP to secure all parliamentary seats.
Myanmar: Attacks in Sagaing Township
On 22 May, the village in Sagaing Township was raided by the military and was followed by clashes between the People's Defense Forces (PDFs) and the military. The Badu police outpost, which had around 30 soldiers and police, was attacked by ten PDF groups. According to the PDF group, the resistance fighters occupied some parts of the police outpost while burning the prison cell. However, the lack of ammunition on the PDF's side and the arrival of gunships to conduct further airstrikes by the military made the former group retreat from the site.
Myanmar: UNHRC report on military's unabated arms acquisition
On 17 May, the United Nations Human Rights Council released a report on Myanmar's acquisition of weapons. The UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Myanmar, Tom Andrews, stated: "The majority of these arms originated from Russia, China, and Singaporean companies." The exports encompassed weapons, dual-use technology, and materials employed for weapon production from the day of the coup until December 2022. The report identified more than 12,500 unique purchases or shipments made directly to the Myanmar military or arms dealers associated with them.
Myanmar: Cyclone Mocha devastates the Rakhine state
On 13 May, cyclone Mocha, categorized as "extremely severe," approached Myanmar's northwestern Rakhine coast. Affected areas face additional challenges due to armed groups opposing the military, which seized power in a 2021 coup. The military's control and restrictions hinder relief efforts, including the distribution of emergency supplies. Furthermore, armed conflict and ongoing landmine threats complicate relief efforts in Chin, Sagaing, and Magway areas. The cyclone exacerbates an already dire situation, demanding a coordinated and innovative approach to address the pressing needs and challenges faced by affected communities.
South Asia
Pakistan: Army Act takes strong measures on 9 May Riots
On 17 May, the civilian and military leadership endorsed a decision to invoke the Army Act and the Official Secrets Act against individuals suspected of involvement in the 9 May riots. In addition, the civilian leadership expressed solidarity with the armed forces and martyrs, designating 9 May as a "black day." Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif stated: "The planners and leaders of the 9 May riots who attacked military installations and disrespected our martyrs will be punished and brought to justice. Our nation of 220 million has demanded that those who are sinful, in any regard, should be punished so that such an incident does not take place ever again."
Bangladesh: Two soldiers killed in an attack by Kuki-Chin National Army
On 17 May, the Daily Star reported on the attack by the Kuki-Chin National Army (KNA) in Bandarban's Ruma upazila. The attack left two soldiers of the Bangladesh Army dead and two officers injured. The incident took place when an army patrol team headed to Jarulchharipara after receiving information about a hideout of armed criminals. In a press release, the Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) stated that there had been increased criminal activities by the KNA lately in the deep forests of Ruma, Rpwangchhari, and Thanchi upazilas of Bandarban.
Sri Lanka: Commemorating the war victims rekindles agony, says a daily
On 23 May, the Daily Mirror reported that the Canadian Premier's remarks would not change in the face of objections from Colombo as it aims to reach the Tamil migrants in Canada. The report added that while the commemorations carry a humanitarian aspect in general, the glorification of sacrifices could justify the LTTE's separatist aim in the youth's minds.
Central Asia, The Middle East, and Africa
Iraq: Conflict continues between PKK and Turkey
On 23 May, France24 reported that three Yazidi fighters were killed in a Turkish drone strike. It was aimed at the Sinjar Resistance Units headquarters. The conflict between Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and Turkey has spread across the northern Iraq border. Previously, there was an attack in the Sinjar district. The Sinjar Resistance Units and Hashed al-Shaabi force of Iraq joined as regular armed forces because of the complicated security threats in Northern Iraq.
Israel: Attacks on Balata refugee camp
On 22 May, the Israeli forces killed three Palestinians during the attack on the Balata refugee camp in Nablus. Israeli soldiers blocked the camp's entries and destroyed homes. The spokesman for Palestinian Authority (PA), Nabil Abu Rudeineh, remarked the raid was a "massacre." Further, he blamed the silence of the US administration for enduring attacks on the region. Meanwhile, Israeli forces responded that they found an "explosives laboratory" in the camp.
Israel: Flag march turns violent at Gaza Strip
On 18 May, many Palestinians joined the protest in Gaza Strip's eastern border in response to far-right Israeli's so-called "flag march". Israeli forces attacked Palestinians, whereas the latter retaliated with explosives at the barrier between Israel and Gaza. The march is held annually to mark the occupation of East Jerusalem. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called the march "a splendid day on which to celebrate our return to our eternal capital." Meanwhile, Palestinians consider it a recall of continuing annexation and the treatment that many now call "apartheid". The Hamas government called on the international and Arab governments to end the provoking flag parade.
Lebanon: Escalating deportations spark fear among Syrian refugees
On 17 May, Syrian refugees hid while the Lebanese Armed Forces tried to repatriate them. Millions of Syrians have taken refuge in Lebanon over the past 11 years, followed by the Syrian civil war. Recently, Lebanon's Maronite Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rai said that the refugees were "draining the resources" and that the government should take action. Hence, raids were carried out to send them back. UNHCR Spokesperson, Paula Barrachina, verified the detention and deportation of Syrians, including those registered with UNHCR.
Sudan: UN examines the human rights abuses
On 11 May, the United Nations Human Rights Council held a one-day emergency session on killings, injuries, and other abuses against civilians in Sudan. A resolution was adopted calling for the immediate cessation of hostilities without pre-conditions to scrutinize the human rights violations. United Nations High Commissioner Volker Türk accused the Sudanese Armed Forces(SAF) and Rapid Support Force(RSF) of violating international humanitarian law.
Sub-Saharan Africa: 16.5 million displacements in 2022
On 11 May, Africanews reported that the overlapping crises in Africa had forced millions of people to flee their countries in 2022. According to a joint report by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) and Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa recorded around 16.5 million people displaced in 2022, and more than half of them were displaced due to conflict in DRC and Ethiopia. IDMC Chief Alexandra Bilal stated: "Since the start of the most recent conflict in April, we have already recorded the same number of displacements as we did for the whole year in 2022. It's a very volatile situation on the ground." Bilal pointed out that more than three million people have already been displaced across Sudan in 2023.
Mali: Soldiers killed in ambush
On 11 May, six Malian soldiers were killed, and nine were injured this week in an ambush on an army detachment near Bamako. According to the police source, the soldiers were attacked near the town of Badala, around 130 km from the capital. It added that the soldiers' retaliation left "several dead." A local politician who confirmed the death toll said that the attack was carried out by "terrorists", a term used in Mali to indicate jihadists. Since 2012, there has been a significant spread of jihadist militancy and a complex political, economic and humanitarian crisis in Mali.
Mali: US accuses Mali as Wagner Group's transit route
On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that the US Department of State accused the Russian paramilitary, the Wagner Group, of allegedly shipping military equipment through Mali. State Department spokesperson Mathew Miller stated: "We have been informed that Wagner is seeking to transit material acquisitions to aid Russia's war through Mali and is willing to use false paperwork for these transactions. In fact, there are indications that Wagner has been attempting to purchase military systems from foreign suppliers and route these weapons through Mali as a third party." Additionally, Miller stated that these accusations have not yet been proven and added that the US has been imposing sanctions on entities supporting Wagner's military operations.
Guinea: Police fire at the protestors, killing seven
On 11 May, nearly seven people were killed and 32 were injured in the anti-military government protests in Conakry, the capital of Guinea. Police in riot gear came down with a heavy hand on the rioters as rocks and burned tyres were thrown at police. A new series of protests is being planned in the face of the killings. Nzerekore, a city in the southeast and the central town of Dabola, too witnessed small-scale protests. In a joint statement, the opposition parties and civil society groups said arrests were reported. They added that a second day of peaceful demonstrations would be held as planned. There have been no responses to the allegations from the military rulers so far. Guinea has been facing widespread protests and deadly clashes since the military takeover in 2021.
Chad: Southern village under attack; 17 killed, several injured
On 12 May, Africanews reported on the "mass killing" by "unidentified armed individuals" in the village of Don, which killed 17 and left three injured. The prosecutor's office of Chad had opened an investigation into the murder and appealed to the witnesses to identify the perpetrators. The Kabba community, an ethnic group mostly Christian and relies on agriculture, forms the major inhabitants of the village. Clashes between nomadic Muslim herders and indigenous sedentary farmers, mostly Christians, are common in this region.
Senegal: Three killed in clashes between Senegalese police and supporters of Ousmane Sonko
On 16 May, BBC reported the death of three people during the clashes between Senegalese police and supporters of the opposition politician, Ousmane Sonko, who is facing charges of rape. The protests occurred on 15 May following his court appearance for the trial. The latest hearing was adjourned as he denied the charges and refused to turn up. His supporters claim the case is a political plot to prevent Sonko from standing for the presidential election this year.
Somalia: Flood displaces over 210,000 people
On 16 May, Africanews reported that floodwaters in central Somalia displaced thousands of families from Beledweyne. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) stated that more than 460,000 people have been affected, including 219,000 people who have been displaced. Important facilities, including government offices and hospitals were closed. If the flood persists, there is a rising concern about an outbreak of malaria and cholera in the region.
Europe and the Americas
Ukraine: US to permit Western allies to provide F-16 fighter jets
On 19 May, according to American President Joe Biden, the US government will permit the Western allies to provide F-16 fighter jets to Ukraine, he said in the G7 summit. According to National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, the US government will train the soldiers. Once the US government approves Biden's decision, if allies are to send the F-16 fighter jets, they should either resell or re-export them to Ukraine. As a response, Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Grushko, in an interview with TASS, said that the West is to be blamed for the escalation of the war in Ukraine. He added that Russia will respond accordingly if the US approves the selling of jets. The UK and France said they would build schools to train fighter pilots.
Serbia: Protests against gun violence
On 19 May, thousands of protesters gathered in Belgrade against gun violence. This is the third protest this month following two mass shootings that killed 18 people. Opposition parties accuse President Aleksander Vucic's government of failing to stop the broadcasting of violent content. On the same day, the opposition members left the parliament's special session accusing the ruling party of silencing the protesters. Interior Minister Bratislav Gasic admitted that several complaints had been filed against the gun shooter; however, actions have not been taken. Vucic, during a counter-rally in Pancevo, called out the opposition for using the protests for their self-promotion.
Greece: Mistreatment of Asylum seekers
On 19 May, Euronews reported on a video where asylum seekers were seen being left out in the middle of the sea by Greece's border patrol near Lesbos Island on 11 May. The video was shared by an anonymous activist to the New York Times. The video showed 12 asylum seekers arriving in a van and then transferred to a speedboat. They were seen boarding a Greek Coast Guard vessel and later abandoned in the Aegean Sea on an inflatable raft. The Turkish Coast Guard rescued the asylum seekers. Greece has denied mistreating asylum seekers.
Russia: Military cooperation with South Africa
On 15 May, Russia's Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Land Forces, Oleg Salukov, met with South Africa's Chief of the Army, Lawrence Mbatha. They are to enhance military cooperation and increase the combat readiness of their respective armies through projects. Agreements were signed to establish further collaboration between the two land forces. The meeting was held at the General Command headquarters.
Italy: Floods kill nine people
On 17 May, according to Vice President Irene Piola, nine people died due to the floods in the Emilia-Romagna region due to a torrential downpour. Thousands were evacuated. The Italian Civil Protection Minister, Nello Musumeci, said that the rainfall was twice the average in 36 hours. The Formula One race, which was to be held in Imola, was cancelled due to the floods.
Ukraine: Russian missiles attack Kyiv
On 16 May, Russian anti-aircraft missiles hit Kyiv. According to Kyiv's Mayor Vitali Klitschko, three people have died, and the debris has fallen into the zoo. The military administration reported that four districts were affected. According to the head of the military administration of the city of Kyiv, Serhiy Popko, most of the Russian missiles have been destroyed.
Ukraine: New military aid from Paris and Berlin but no F-16 jets
On 15 May, Zelensky returned to Kyiv with a renewed promise of further military aid from Germany and France. The Ukrainian President went to Berlin on 14 May after concluding his visit to Rome and later visited Paris. Despite Zelenskyy's insistence on receiving combat aircraft, Immanuel Macron and Olaf Scholz reacted cautiously, showing their reluctance. Germany has supported Ukraine financially and militarily since the beginning of the war and is the second most significant supporter of Ukraine. The visit has renewed military aid with another EUR 2.7 billion, 20 more Marder armoured personnel carriers, 30 Leopard 1 tanks, and four Iris-T SLM anti-aircraft systems. France promised dozens of armoured vehicles, light tanks, long-range air defence systems and the training of Ukrainian soldiers.
Ukraine: Military advances in Bakhmut
On 18 May, the Ukrainian military said it had made numerous new advances during heavy fighting at Bakhmut. Russia continued sending paratroopers and launched another round of airstrikes at night. It was the ninth attack on the capital this month. One was killed, and two more were injured in the airstrikes in Odessa. The falling debris triggered two fires in the eastern districts of Kyiv. The military said it shot down 29 of 30 missiles that Russia launched in the overnight air strikes. Moscow sees Bakhmut as a stepping stone towards capturing the Donbas region. The Ukrainian military has pushed back Russian troops in several places and holds the advantage. Moscow did not comment but said that its forces are fighting to capture western parts of Bakhmut. In an audio statement, Wagner's head Mr Prigozhin confirmed the advantageous position of Ukraine at Bakhmut and said surrounding them is impossible.
The US: NRA sues after Maryland's governor signs legislation tightening regulations on guns
On 16 May, Maryland Governor Wes Moore signed gun-control measures into law in response to a US Supreme Court ruling in New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v. Bruen. The verdict ended a requirement for people to demonstrate a particular need to get a licence to carry a concealed gun in public. The National Rifle Association (NRA) filed a federal lawsuit against the governor and the state lawmakers. Democrat Maryland Governor Wes Moore Said: "Gun violence is tearing apart the fabric of our communities, not just through mass shootings but through shootings happening in each of our communities far too often." The law also changes requirements for a firearms training course and increases fees for renewal and copies of permits.
The US: Report on International Religious Freedom
On 15 May, the US published its 'Report on International Religious Freedom', calling out Russia, China, Iran, Afghanistan and India for religious freedom violations. The US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, spoke on the acts of the governments targeting members of a certain faith and work violations excluding religious minorities from certain professions. The report highlighted the growing trend of restrictions on accessing holy sites and places of worship. It stressed the need for governments to provide equal access to education and other services. The annual report is submitted by the Department of State on International Religious Freedom, observing the International Religious Freedom Act 1998. This year marks the 25th year of the International Religious Freedom Act.
The US: Republicans pass an extreme immigration bill
On 11 May, republicans in the House of Representatives advanced a bill to the Senate to build more stretches along the United States-Mexico border and impose new restrictions on asylum seekers. Republicans blamed US President Joe Biden for the increase in illegal immigration. The bill has no chance of becoming law as the Democrats in the Senate called the legislation cruel and anti-immigrant. Biden stated that he would veto the bill. Additionally, he admitted that the border would be chaotic for a while and that US officials use new policies to curb illegal immigration while offering more legal pathways.
Haiti: Increasing vigilantism
On 17 May, UN officials stated that violence in Haiti shows no sign of ending as Haitians take the law into their own hands. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights spokesperson, Ravina Shamdasani stated that nearly 1,500 gang-related killings were reported between 1 January and the end of April, with 49 killings reported between 10 May and 15 May. The gang violence has been continuing for two years as armed groups compete for control and power after the assassination of President Jovenel Moise. The violence has hindered access to healthcare facilities, forced the closure of schools and clinics, and led to food insecurity.
About the authors
Padmashree Anandhan is a Research Associate at NIAS. Anu Maria Joseph is a Research Assistant at NIAS. Rishika Yadav is a Research Intern at NIAS. Subiksha S, Taffy Tonia A, Lakshmi Parimala H and Nithyashree RB are Postgraduate Scholars at the Stella Maris College, Chennai. Sreeja JS, Varsha K, Immaculate Joy Paul and Jerry Franklin are Postgraduate Scholars at the Madras Christian College, Chennai.
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Who will be the next UK prime minister: Liss Truss v. Rishi Sunak
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Tunisia's political crisis
NIAS Africa Team
Tunisia’s political crisis: Five questions
NIAS Africa Team
Tribal conflict in Blue Nile: Causes and Implications
STIR Team
Geopolitics of Semiconductors
Padmashree Anandhan
France: Uber files leak, and Macron’s trouble
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Italy: Three factors about its current political instability
NIAS Africa Team
Sudan-Ethiopia border tensions and a profile of Blaise Compaoré
NIAS Africa Team
Africa’s continuing migration problem: Three issues
STIR Team
China in Space: Shenzhou-13 and Tiangong
NIAS Africa Team
Africa’s displacement crises: Three key drivers
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Into the Sixth Decade of African Unity
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Communal Tensions in Ethiopia
Padmashree Anandhan
What does Macron's victory mean for France and the EU
Rishma Banerjee
The rise of Marine Le Pen
Sourina Bej
Four challenges ahead for President Macron
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Mali ends defence ties with France
GP Team
New US assistance for Ukraine
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | UK-Rwanda asylum deal
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Africa, Russia, and the War in Ukraine
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Political Crisis in Tunisia
GP Team
Russia's gas ultimatum to Europe
IPRI Team
30 days of War in Ukraine
NIAS Africa Team
60 years of Algerian independence
IPRI Team
Sri Lanka’s worsening economic crisis
NIAS Africa Team
In Focus: Libya
IPRI Team
The end of Denmark’s Inuit experiment
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Europe and Africa: Will AU and EU be equal partners?
Anu Maria Joseph
Europe and Africa: Will AU and EU be equal partners?
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Lecture report: Ukraine, Russia and Europe
Joeana Cera Matthews
Into History: Northern Ireland and Bloody Sunday, 50 years later
Nireekshan Bollimpalli
Africa’s slow COVID vaccination continues. Four reasons why
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS: Conflict over the Nile Dam
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS: Instability in Burkina Faso
Padmashree Anandhan
Munich Security Report: Six takeaways
Joeana Cera Matthews
Europe and Africa: An elusive search for an equal partnership
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Femicides in Europe: The case of France
Padmashree Anandhan
Post Brexit: Three challenges in Northern Ireland
Porkkodi Ganeshpandian and Angkuran Dey
The return of the Left
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Lithuania and China: Vilnius has become Beijing’s Achilles heel. Four reasons why
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
Africa: The anti-France sentiments in Mali and beyond
Shalini Balaiah
The Middle East in 2021: Never-ending wars and conflicts
Angelin Archana
Russia in 2021: Expanding boundaries
Prakash Panneerselvam
East Asia in 2021: New era of hegemonic competition
Apoorva Sudhakar
Coup in Burkina Faso: Five things to know
Joeana Cera Matthews
In Europe, abortion rights are "a privilege." Four reasons why
Padmashree Anandhan
Mapping COVID-19 protests in Europe: Who and Why
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Pakistan, US and Russia: Putin Online, Biden Offline
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The unrest in Kazakhstan: Look beyond the trigger
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Deepening Pakistan-Russia ties
D. Suba Chandran
Justice Ayesha: Breaking the Legal Ceiling
Ankit Singh
Pakistan's Judiciary in 2021
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Same Page Story: Civil-Military Relations in 2021
D. Suba Chandran
Pakistan's Foreign Policy in 2021
Ankit Singh
Pakistan’s economy in 2021: Major highlights
Ankit Singh
Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank
Apoorva Sudhakar
The PDM is back, again
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Qureshi’s visit to Brussels: Three takeaways
GP Team
The Complete Compendium for 2021
GP Team
The Americas in 2021
GP Team
Europe in 2021
GP Team
Middle East and Africa in 2021
GP Team
South Asia in 2021
Apoorva Sudhakar
Protests in Gwadar: Four major highlights
Ankit Singh
Mini budget, IMF and a contemporary puzzle.
Ankit Singh
Pappu Sain bids adieu to the world
Apoorva Sudhakar
Smog, pollution and more: Deteriorating air quality in Pakistan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
PTI’s secret dealing with the TTP and TLP
Vaishnavi Iyer
France, Algeria, and the politics over an apology
Joeana Cera Matthews
NATO-Russia relationship: Looking beyond the suspensions and expulsions
D. Suba Chandran
PTI’s TLP flip-flop and a secret deal
Apoorva Sudhakar
The increasing curbs on digital media freedom in Pakistan
Padmashree Anandhan
Facebook's Metaverse: Why it matters to Europe
Joeana Cera Matthews
Poland, EU and PolExit. It is complicated, for three reasons
Harini Madhusudhan
Europe's Energy Crisis and Gazprom
D. Suba Chandran
TLP: The government caves in again
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
TLP is back again
Apoorva Sudhakar | Project Associate, School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS
Pakistan’s transgender community: The long road ahead
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Since January 2021: Why the US President has not called Pakistan’s Prime Minister so far?
Apoorva Sudhakar
No honour in honour killing
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The Military Reshuffle: A strategic or routine decision?
D. Suba Chandran
Dr AQ Khan: Between a national hero and a nuclear proliferator
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rising child abuse in Pakistan: Five reasons why
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Hazara Persecution in Pakistan: No end in sight
D. Suba Chandran
Protests in Gwadar: Who and Why
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Europe's Energy Crisis: It could get worse. Five reasons why
STIR Team
Cover Story: War against Malaria
Aswathy Koonampilly
Japan: New Prime Minister, Old party
GP Team
Europe's Energy Crisis
STIR Team
The Science and Politics of Materials
Sourina Bej
France: Paris Terror Trial
Harini Madhusudan
Belarus: Weaponization of the Migrant Crisis
Juan Mary Joseph
Attacks on Chinese Investments in Pakistan: Who, Where And Why?
Joeana Cera Matthews
Haiti: Two months after the assassination, the storm is still brewing
Joeana Cera Matthews
From Crimea to Navalny: Putin's calibrated Europe strategy
Joeana Cera Matthews
Nord Stream-2: Why is the region unhappy about the pipeline?
Lokendra Sharma
Two months of Cuban protests: Is the ‘revolution’ ending?
GP Team
The New Afghanistan
STIR Team
Climate Change and Energy Options
Apoorva Sudhakar
Digital Pakistan: Idea, Potential and Challenges
Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: What is behind the pro-Zuma protests?
Dincy Adlakha
China and Russia in Myanmar: The interests that bind
Sarthak Jain
Nord Stream 2 is Russia’s geopolitical victory
Jeshil J Samuel
REvil is dead. Long live REvil
STIR Team
Space Tourism
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
The EU Summit 2021: Five Takeaways
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Impending famine in Tigray, should make Ethiopia everyone's problem
Anu Maria Joseph
Too late and too little is Ethiopia's international problem
Sankalp Gurjar
Africa's Ethiopia Problem
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia's Tigray problem is Tigray's Ethiopia problem
Lokendra Sharma
The future of nuclear energy looks bleak
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Five reasons why Afghanistan is closer to a civil war
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
Migration in Africa: Origin, Drivers and Destinations
Dincy Adlakha
The new three-child policy is two decades too late
Dincy Adlakha
Loud Echoes of the National Security Law in China
Joeana Cera Matthews
Farfetched goals on pandemic recovery, climate action and economic revival
STIR Team
Rare Earths and the Global Resource Race
SDP Scholar
The Rise and Reign of Ransomware
Gurpreet Singh
India and the geopolitics of supply chains
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Spain, Morocco and the rise of rightwing politics in Europe over immigration
Vibha Venugopal
The return of Taliban will be bad news for women
Udbhav Krishna P
Revisiting the recent violence: Three takeaways
Joeana Cera Matthews
For the Economist, Taiwan is the most dangerous place. The argument is complicated
Apoorva Sudhakar
15 of the 23 global hunger hotspots are in Africa. Three reasons why
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The US decision to withdraw is a call made too early. Three reasons why
Lokendra Sharma
Learning from Cuba's vaccine development efforts
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
An energy mix of renewables and nuclear is the most viable option
Lokendra Sharma
Deadly second wave spirals into a humanitarian disaster
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The US-Taliban Deal: One Year Later
Akriti Sharma
The Quad Plus and the search beyond the four countries
Apoorva Sudhakar
India's Endgames, Roles and Limitations in Quad
Sukanya Bali
Tracing the Quad's evolution in the last two decades
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: Five fallouts of the military offensive in Tigray
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Afghanistan: The recent surge in targeted killing vs the troops withdrawal
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
In Honduras, a move towards a permanent ban on abortion laws
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Civilian protests vs military: Three factors will decide the outcome in Myanmar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Trump’s Climate Change legacy: Disruption and Denial
Apoorva Sudhakar
Trump’s Iran legacy: Maximum pressure, minimum results
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
Five ways India can detangle the fishermen issue with Sri Lanka
IPRI Team
Coup in Myanmar and Protests in Russia
D Suba Chandran
The PDM differences, Gwadar fencing, and Lakhvi's arrest
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Nagorno-Karabakh: Rekindled fighting, Causalities and a Ceasefire
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Thailand: For the pro-democracy protests, it is a long march ahead
Harini Madhusudan
Brexit: A year of the UK-EU transition talks and finally, a Deal
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: The conflict in Tigray and the regional fallouts
Aparaajita Pandey
The Americas: Top Five Developments
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Europe: Top five developments
Sandip Kumar Mishra
East Asia: Top Five developments in 2020
Harini Madhusudan
Outer Space in 2020: Missions, Privatization, and the Artemis Accords
Sukanya Bali
5G, Huawei and TikTok: Four trends in 2020
Sumedha Chatterjee
COVID-19: How the world fought in 2020
Harini Madhusudan
The Vaccine Rush: Expectations vs Realities
Harini Madhusudan
Open Skies Treaty: The US should not have withdrawn, for five reasons
Savithri Sellapperumage
Kamala Harris makes history
Mallika Devi
China is against the Quad. Five reasons why
Srikumar Pullat
Space of Tomorrow: The Need for Space Security
Tamanna Khosla
Japan: New Prime Minister, Old Challenges
Vaishali Handique
Not just regime change: Women and protest movements in Sudan
Sneha Tadkal
Technology in contemporary global protest movements
Chavindi Weerawansha
Students as agents of change: Protest movements in Zimbabwe
Anju Annie Mammen
“Unveiling”: Women and protest movements in the Middle East
Harini Madhusudan
‘The Revolution of Our Times’: Protests in Hong Kong
Samreen Wani
Lebanon: Can Macron's visit prevent the unravelling?
Harini Madhusudan
The Legacy of Shinzo Abe. It is Complicated.
Boa Wang
Two Sessions in Beijing
Boa Wang
How China fought the COVID-19
N. Manoharan
Is COVID-19 a Bio-weapon from China?
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Is there an overlap of 5G Networks and COVID hotspots?
Rashmi Ramesh
Will COVID-19 provide a new agenda to the NAM?
Harini Madhusudan
Iran's New Military Satellite: Does it violate the UNSC 2231?
Jenice Jean Goveas
Epidemics through History
Sanduni Atapattu
Preventing hatred and suspicion would be a bigger struggle
Chavindi Weerawansha
A majority in the minority community suffers, for the action of a few
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
The Cardinal sermons for peace, with a message to forgive
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Who and Why of the Perpetrators
Natasha Fernando
In retrospect, where did we go wrong?
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
Build the power of Co-existence, Trust, Gender and Awareness
N Manoharan
New ethnic faultlines at macro and micro levels
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
A year has gone, but the pain has not vanished
Jenice Jean Goveas
In India, the glass is half full for the women
Fatemah Ghafori
In Afghanistan, there is no going back for the women
Lakshmi V Menon
The decline in terrorism in Pakistan in 2019
Rashmi Ramesh
The EU and the Arctic: The interest is not mutual. Why?
Rashmi Ramesh
Iceland, Denmark and Norway: Small is Big in the Arctic
Harini Madhusudan
The Non-Arctic powers: Interests of Japan and South Korea
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Malaysia: New PM, Old Challenges
Lakshmi V Menon
Pakistan to remain “Grey”; North Korea and Iran in “Black”
Rashmi Ramesh
Trump's India Visit: Optics, Substance and Rhetoric
Kabi Adhikari
The controversial MCC Nepal Compact
Malini Sethuraman
ISIS post Baghdadi: Will there be another Caliphate in 2020?
Aarathi Srinivasan
Climate Change: The Economy of the Indian Ocean Region in 2020
Prathiksha Ravi
Israel and the Middle East: The New Alliance Plans in 2020
Padmini Anilkumar
Middle East: The Return of Russia in 2020
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sudan and Algeria: Road to Democracy in 2020
Lakshmi V Menon
Syria: ISIS Decline, US Retreat and the Return of Russia in 2020
Harini Madhusudan
The US-China Trade Dispute: Towards further disruptions in 2020
Parikshith Pradeep
The US under Donald Trump: The Fall of an Empire in 2020
Vivek Mishra
After Soleimani assassination: Options for the US
Sukanya Bali
Iran, Iraq and the US: Who wants what?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Old problems to persist with no solutions in the near term
Aashiyana Adhikari
Indian and Chinese investments in Nepal: Managing asymmetry
Shailesh Nayak | Director, National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS)
Blue Economy and India: An Introduction
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
North Africa in 2019: A year of protests, with some positive results
Sukanya Bali
Hong Kong in 2019: China's New Achilles Heel
Harini Madhusudan
The US-China Trade Dispute in 2019: Towards a thaw in 2020?
Parikshith Pradeep
The US in 2019: Trump rollsout a template for a global American retreat
Rashmi Ramesh
The Arctic Littorals: Iceland and Greenland
Harini Madhusudan
The Polar Silk Route: China's ambitious search in the Arctic
GP Team
Syria: Who wants what?
Harini Madhusudan
Violence in Hong Kong: Will the protests end?
Rashmi Ramesh
Is Catalonia Spain’s Hong Kong?
D. Suba Chandran
Why an Arctic foray is essential for India
Parikshith Pradeep
Russia's Polar Military Edge
Nidhi Dalal
Protests rock Chile, Bolivia and Haiti
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Will prosecuting Suu Kyi resolve the Rohingya problem?
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
Climate Change: Four Actors, No Action
Sukanya Bali
Brexit: Preparing for the Worst Case
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
5G: A Primer
Rashmi Ramesh
From Okjökull to OK: Death of a Glacier in Iceland
Sukanya Bali
Challenges before Boris Johnson
Parikshith Pradeep
The Hong Kong Protests: Who wants what
Harini Madhusudan
The Hong Kong Protests: Re-defining mass mobilization
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
ASEAN Outlook on the Indo Pacific: Worth all the Hype?
Mahesh Bhatta
Monsoons first, Floods next and the Blame Games follow
Titsala Sangtam
Counting Citizens: Manipur charts its own NRC
Vivek Mishra
Can Hedging be India’s Strategy?
Lakshmi V Menon
Amidst the US-Iran standoff, Saudi Arabia should be cautious
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
For Russia, it was big power projection
Harini Madhusudan
For China, it was trade and a temporary truce
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
For Japan, it was commerce and climate change
Sourina Bej
For the US, it was trade, tariff and talks
Titsala Sangtam
Iran, US and the Nuclear deal: Europe in the middle?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Modi's Colombo Visit: Four issues to watch
Raakhavee Ramesh
Higher than the Himalayas: Pakistan and China
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Across the Himalayas: Nepal and China
Mahath Mangal
The Russian Resurgence: Is the US supremacy waning?
Mahath Mangal
San Francisco wants to ban, Kashgar wants to expand
Jerin George
Espionage or Investigative Journalism?
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The Huawei Controversy: Five things you need to know
Mahath Mangal
Why the world needs to look at Yemen
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The Central Asia Connector
Harini Madhusudan
An Under-represented East Asia
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Africa Embraces the Belt and Road
Sourina Bej
It’s Europe vs EU on China
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sudan: Between Democracy and another military rule
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Responses and Inspiring Lessons
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Thailand: Between Elections and Instability
Sourina Bej
Two Sessions in 2019: Four Takeaways
Lakshmi V Menon
The End of ISIS Caliphate?
Harini Madhusudan
For China, its a sigh of relief
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
For Vietnam, its a big deal
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
For Japan, No Deal is Good Deal
Sourina Bej
For South Korea, a costly disappointment
Harini Madhusudan
No deal is better, but isn't it bad?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
The Other Conflict in Rakhine State
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Yemen: Will Sa'nna fall?
Harini Madhusudan
Sinicizing the Minorities
GP Team
US, South Korea and Thailand
Lakshmi V Menon
The Qatar Blockade: Eighteen Months Later
GP Team
Yemen, Venezuela and US-China
Sourina Bej
Maghreb: What makes al Shahab Resilient?
Harini Madhusudan
US-China Trade War: No Clear Winners
Abhishrut Singh
Trump’s Shutdown: Five Things to Know
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Myanmar: Will 2019 be better for the Rohingya?
D. Suba Chandran
Bangladesh: The Burden of Electoral History
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
US and China: Between Confrontation and Competition
Mahesh Bhatta | Centre for South Asian Studies, Kathmandu
Nepal
Nasima Khatoon | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
The Maldives
Harini Madhusudan | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
India
Sourina Bej | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
Bangladesh
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
Afghanistan
Harini Madhusudan
China and Japan: Renewing relations at the right time
Sourina Bej
The INF Treaty: US withdraws to balance China?
Harini Madhusudan
The Khashoggi Killing: Unanswered Questions
Lakshmi V Menon
US and Israel: Trump's Deal of the Century
Nasima Khatoon
The New Maldives: Advantage India?
Harini Madhusudhan
To NAFTA or Not: Trump, Mexico and Canada
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Malaysia’s China Moment: The Mahathir Gamble
Sourina Bej
BIMSTEC: A Bay of Good Hope?
Young Scholars Debate
India, Imran Khan and Indo-Pak Relations
Siddhatti Mehta
Does Brexit mean Brexit?
Oishee Majumdar
Factsheet: China’s Investments in Africa
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
The 8888 Uprising: Thirty Years Later
Harini Madhusudhan
The Tariff War: 'Stick of Hegemony' vs Vital Interests
Druta Bhatt
FactSheet: Shangri La Dialogue 2018
Rahul Arockiaraj
Immigrants as the “Other”: The Social and Economic Factors in the US
Divyabharathi E
Is Trump-Putin Summit a setback for the US?
Apoorva Sudhakar
India and Bangladesh: The Long Haul
Divyabharathi E
Quad as an alternative to the BRI: Three Main Challenges
Oishee Majumdar
FactSheet: India-Bangladesh Relations
D. Suba Chandran
Trump meets Putin; will it cost NATO?
Sourina Bej
Trump and the NATO: One Block, Different Views
Gayan Gowramma KC
Now, the United States withdraws from the UNHRC
Siddhatti Mehta
Will China be able to sustain its Dominance?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Myanmar: Why won't they do anything for the Rohingya?
Harini Madhusudan
The Idea of an US Space Force: Strategic Calculations
Apoorva Sudhakar
Afghan Peace: Reality or Illusion?
Hely Desai
Looking beyond Trump: Is the US declining?
Manushi Kapadia
Is China using its soft power to become superpower?
Lakshmi. V. Menon
Middle East: Has Russia chosen Israel over Iran?
Miti Shah
G7: Why Trump wants Russia in?
Hely Desai
FactSheet: G7 Summit
Siddhatti Mehta
The Panmunjom Declaration: “Tip of the Iceberg”
Druta Bhatt
Iran N-Deal and the Trans-Atlantic Divide
Manushi Kapadia
US and China: Towards a Trade War
Miti Shah
Palestine: US triggers new tensions
Divyabharathi E
The "Indo-Pacific Command": What's in the name?
Harini Madhusudan
Trump’s Tariff Strategy: Targetting Adversaries and Allies
Hely Desai
Trump-Kim Summit: Three Likely Outcomes
Apoorva Sudhakar
The Lebanon Pawn: Will it change after elections?
Lakshmi V Menon
Israel, the Game Changer?
Samreen Wani
Deciphering Turkey's External Push
Divyabharathi E
China and Russia: The New Alignments
Ann Maria Shibu
Can India afford to lose Maldives to China?
Dhruv Ashok
Why Maldives is important to China?
Lakshmi V Menon
ISIS and the Yazidi victims: Why the World should stand up?
Harini Madhusudan
US- China Tariff Face-off : Five questions
Jamyang Dolma
Why is Free Tibet important for India
Divyabharathi E
Arctic: The Strategic Significance
Lakshmi V Menon
Do we need the Quad?
Samreen Wani
Why Trump’s Iran exit is a big mistake?
Jamyang Dolma
Inter Korean Summit: Will it work?
Dhruv Ashok
The Fishermen Issue between India and Sri Lanka
Apoorva Sudhakar
Bangladesh's Economy: Decoding a Success Story
Ann Maria Shibu
Why India should not pull out of the Indus water treaty?
Divyabharathi E